Two Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer

 


According to WHO, cancer is a non-communicable disease that causes a high death rate worldwide. Cancer is very closely related to everyday life. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to malignant tumors. Gastric cancer is the fourth type of cancer among various types of cancer that are common throughout the world. Stomach cancer causes around 700,000 deaths yearly and is the second-highest incidence. Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer. There are two risk factors for this cancer. 

Genetic or hereditary factors can cause gastric cancer, such as gene mutations in the E-cadherin/CDH1 gene, which cause lesions in diffuse hereditary gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). This gene is located on chromosome 16. In addition to mutations in the E-cadherin gene, there is an interleukin-1ẞ (IL-1B) gene that triggers an inflammatory response. The polymorphic form of IL-18 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist are also risk factors for gastric cancer. Several distinct genome-wide interactions between polymorphic single nucleotides in mucin 1, cell surface associated gene (MUC1), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, and PLCE1 with different risks of gastric cancer subtypes. 

Inherent, intrinsic factors such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity can be risk factors. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is between the ages of 50 and 70. Cardiac stomach cancer is more common in men and the elderly, while cases of stomach cancer under 50 years occur mainly in non-cardiac stomach cancer and are common in women. The hormone estrogen can increase the effect of preventing the growth of stomach cancer. Late menopause and increased fertility in women can reduce the risk of stomach cancer while giving anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen and others can increase the incidence of stomach cancer. 

In conclusion, stomach cancer or stomach cancer is a non-communicable disease that causes high mortality rates worldwide. The main risk factors associated with stomach cancer include genetic factors, as well as a second factor, which is inherent, intrinsic factors such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Stomach cancer is more common between the ages of 50 and 70, with the highest incidence of heart stomach cancer in men and the elderly. Understanding these factors is important in preventing, diagnosing, and treating stomach cancer

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